Interesting, I wonder if this will ultimately lead to a competitive environment where prices decline due to competition? I've read it elsewhere before, but I believe diamonds are only "rare" due to strict control of what comes to market. Will be interesting to see if this affects that strict control.
This is especially interesting considering Tiffiany's earning reports this week which showed a substantial part of their post recessions profits is now in the low end consumer goods.
I personally think that the price of the diamonds is almost exclusively determined by the marketing success.
One very interesting bit in the article somebody's mentioned about De Beers story is that artificial diamonds are already cheaper than natural ones, and virtually undistinguishable. De Beer's response has been to produce machines than can distinguish natural diamonds from artificial ones.
My conclusion is that people who wants diamonds want simply something expensive, as status symbol. They don't want a shiny rock at the most reasonable price, otherwise, it wouldn't be a status symbol anymore.
If prices would fell, the perception of diamonds would change drastically, and I don't think that the industry (cartel or not) is going to allow that.
I agree. Synthetic diamonds are available and generally run about 25% less per carat than an equivalent quality natural stone. This pricing is high in view of the relatively low production costs.
Gemesis and other companies were successful in driving down the cost of capital equipment for making diamonds by the older high pressure, high temperature process. Chemical vapor deposition of high quality diamonds is well established and doesn't cost much at all.
Market pricing for aesthetic applications of diamonds continues to be only loosely related to cost of production. I think this will continue until the Maker movement decides it would be cool to have diamond doorknobs, at which point the price will drop to something more closely related to the cost of arranging sp3 bonds between carbon atoms under metastable conditions - i.e., not much.
As a producer of synthetic diamonds (http://d.neadiamonds.com), I can say the production costs for jewelry-quality diamonds are not as low as people seem to think. It is one thing producing brown/yellow diamond powder/grit for cutting tools, but is orders of magnitude more difficult growing a large single-crystal diamond colorless and clean enough to set into jewelry.
The capital equipment for HPHT and CVD are both still quite expensive. It is possible to find some used BARS presses for reasonable prices, but you will be hard-pressed to make a large colorless diamond with one of those machines, even if you know the right "recipe" to use. Gemesis has many of these BARS presses and they have only been able to produce orange yellows and to treat CVD material with them.
CVD does grow more crystals per machine cycle, but also has much higher labor, power and support costs than the latest generation of HPHT machines. CVD diamonds also typically grow as a brownish or grayish color and have to be HPHT-treated (different process than HPHT-growing, but can be done in the same machines) at additional cost to whiten them, healing defects in the crystal lattice.
The cost to grow a rough white diamond is generally comparable with the cost to mine one from the ground. From there, the cutting, grading, logistics and jewelry all cost essentially the same.
Lab-grown diamonds are a raw good, more similar to steel, than they are an assembled good, like a TV or laptop. There will certainly be more improvements along the way, but diamond synthesis only occurs under certain conditions defined by nature. Changing the crystalline structure of carbon is a bit more involved than heating up some filament for a 3D printer.
Thanks for your informative comment. I know less about HPHT diamond synthesis, and may not understand the cost structure of that technology as well as I would like.
I agree re the current high capital cost of CVD diamond synthesis equipment, but I'm pretty certain it need not remain so. For example, in microwave plasma assisted diamond CVD, significant slices of the cost pie are in the microwave power source and the deposition chamber. The former tends not to take advantage of 2.45 GHz consumer sources and is, I think, overpriced in $/Watt compared to what it could be with some additional electronic design work. The latter suffers because diamond microwave CVD chambers tend to be one-offs. Building them in hundreds or thousands would allow lower cost manufacturing technologies to be used.
Power costs are an issue, but there are ways of extending the lifetime of atomic hydrogen, which is a key cost determinant of CVD diamond. Labor costs will be reducible to the extent that CVD processes can be automated, which I regard as largely a matter of getting reproducible processes in hand. When you have a predictable process, you can automate it.
I concur it will be awhile before my Replicator 2 can spit out a diamond filament. But I think the current manufacturing cost of diamonds is far higher than what it might be. The missing link is somebody willing to fund the volume manufacturing process development.
> My conclusion is that people who wants diamonds want simply something expensive, as status symbol. They don't want a shiny rock at the most reasonable price, otherwise, it wouldn't be a status symbol anymore.
Right, until recently, it's been a hard to fake McGuffin. A small, highly portable thing you can point at to demonstrate wealth (or the appearance of wealth).
Destroying the diamond's ability be "prof of disposed funds" will be an unmitigated good for humankind. Only the louts in the diamond business will suffer, in proportion to how deeply they are tied to the vicious evil aspects of the enterprise.
Joshua Gans suggests setting up a way in which people can flaunt the fact that they've paid a very large amount of tax, as a way of taking this impulse for a status symbol and turning it to a positive social end. http://economics.com.au/?p=9958
This is especially interesting considering Tiffiany's earning reports this week which showed a substantial part of their post recessions profits is now in the low end consumer goods.
If the correlation holds, we can expect to see a lot more teal at Target.
It's a strange many party prisoners dilemma out there, that is so far without a lot of defections. When the primary and secondary markets join together then prices will come down quite a bit. Right now, taking a diamond out of the store cuts its value at least in half.
Or even if for cultural reasons the secondary market remains relatively unimportant, you'd expect prices to fall in the primary by quite a bit. Must say I'm surprised that it hasn't happened already. So far no defections seems like a reasonable guess, though I Googled for 10 seconds and couldn't find any further discussion of that guess.
If looking only at jewelry-quality diamonds, there are millions of carats of diamonds mined per year, while there are generally thousands of carats of diamonds grown per year. In that regard, lab-grown white diamonds are much more rare than mined diamonds. It will take billions of dollars in capital to have a diamond growing facility with enough capacity to output more jewelry-quality diamonds than a single large diamond mine (though I suppose that is less than one WhatsApp, so is within the realm of possibility).
The Wired article about synthetic diamonds from 2003 was full of hype and misconceptions. Most all synthetic diamonds grown today are not flawless, and that is not by design. However, in the last couple years lab-grown white diamonds have become much more available in normal jewelry-quality ranges:
http://d.neadiamonds.com/lab-created-diamonds/White-Diamonds
^ Disclosure: I'm an owner of D.NEA and have been selling jewelry-quality synthetic diamonds for many years.
Thanks for the additional input, EF. The disparity is much larger than I initially thought. In time, as methods & costs are refined, perhaps the ratio will shrink and reverse.
I also believe that is the article I was referring to... IIRC the 'white' conundrum was the big impediment to mass production... much like the recent breakthrough in LED tech's progression to white light.
Kind of rare, but not enough to justify the sort of price premium they demand, at least according to [citation needed]. Heck, it's probably the same source(a) the Grandparent post is thinking of.
This is especially interesting considering Tiffiany's earning reports this week which showed a substantial part of their post recessions profits is now in the low end consumer goods.