I think the idea is GitHub actions calls "build.sh", or "deploy.sh" etc. Those scripts contain all of the logic necessary to build or deploy or whatever. You can run those scripts locally for testing / development, or from CI for prod / auditing.

oh that makes sense. I thought the OP was suggesting running CI locally instead of a workflow on remote runners

Yes this is what I meant! If you structure it correctly using task runners and an environment manager you can do everything locally using the same versions etc. E.g.

```yaml name: Continuous Integration (CI)

on: pull_request

permissions: contents: read

jobs: formatting: name: Formatting runs-on: ${{ matrix.architecture }} strategy: matrix: architecture: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm] language: [rust, shell, python] steps: - name: Checkout code. uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1 - name: Setup Nix. uses: cachix/install-nix-action@4e002c8ec80594ecd40e759629461e26c8abed15 # v31.9.0 - name: Check formatting. run: nix develop -c make check-${{ matrix.language }}-formatting

  linting:
    name: Linting
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
        architecture: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm]
        language: [rust]
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code.
        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
      - name: Setup Nix.
        uses: cachix/install-nix-action@4e002c8ec80594ecd40e759629461e26c8abed15 # v31.9.0
      - name: Check linting.
        run: nix develop -c make check-${{ matrix.language }}-linting

  compile:
    name: Compile
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
        architecture: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm]
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code.
        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
      - name: Setup Nix.
        uses: cachix/install-nix-action@4e002c8ec80594ecd40e759629461e26c8abed15 # v31.9.0
      - name: Compile.
        run: nix develop -c make compile

  unit-test:
    name: Unit Test
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
        architecture: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm]
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code.
        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
      - name: Setup Nix.
        uses: cachix/install-nix-action@4e002c8ec80594ecd40e759629461e26c8abed15 # v31.9.0
      - name: Unit test.
        run: nix develop -c make unit-test

... ```