ASP is optimized for combinatorial problems. Basically, you list the parts that are variable, and the constraints, the answers are given by the solver. Have a look at the documentation[0]. Here is an example:
% Each shift needs a nurse).
1 { shift_nurse(Shift, Nurse): nurse(Nurse) } 1 :- shift(shift).
% It cannot be that a nurse does two shifts in a row.
:- nurse(Nurse), shift_nurse(Shift1,Nurse),shift_nurse(Shift2,Nurse), Shift1 + 1 = Shift2.
Yes, but honestly if you can use specialized software instead of writing your own, do so. Scheduling problems become very hairy quite quickly. For ASP, there is also sCASP that is the current flagship application of SWI Prolog.
