I've been learning Zig by porting my toy SQL database in Go to Zig (both projects are on Github, you can go find them if you'd like). This is my first time trying to seriously use a non-GC language for a project, so there's a big learning curve unrelated to Zig in particular. However, it's much easier than trying to learn C (which I've tried a few times). The standard library is incredibly feature rich compared to C (although I've heard whispers that eventually they plan to reduce the size of the standard library, which I'd personally find sad). defer is awesome. comptime too.
I haven't noticed miscompilation yet but I have noticed occasional unclear error messages such as it pointing at the wrong line. I've meant to make a note of these but since I'm just focused on learning I haven't done a great job of writing down these minor bugs.
I don't think the breaking changes (which haven't seemed that big) are a huge deal for most folks curious about PL in general. And I think the potential for being a better C is just so great that it's worth continuing to try out Zig and follow it's development. In particular I think it would make a lot of sense as a teaching language for the college courses that would otherwise use C. And I think it would be a pretty fancy compilation target for language implementations like Chicken Scheme that otherwise target C. (I'm sure it would be great in other situations too but these two are ones I can relate to most.)
But I'm still early on in my exploration of Zig. (Disclaimer: the company I work for uses Zig and sponsors ZSF.)
I started trying to learn Zig as my first non-GC language but switched over to C because I had trouble finding learning resources for Zig, while there are plenty of books and C code written to ISO standards to learn from. It felt like a language for people already proficient in C/C++ and systems programming.. but props to you for proving that wrong!
Yeah that's a good point. I was a little surprised at the spartan quality of documentation. But I'm also comfortable grepping around the compiler/standard library source code to see patterns. And most importantly, I ask a ton of dumb questions on the Zig Programming Language's #zig-help channel. :)
the source code was very well laid put from what i remember, and tests were particularly helpful for understanding how to use library code. i just didn’t feel like i quite had the knowledge to architect low level code in general, you must have picked up on that naturally
Of all the reasons I might imagine someone feeling like C is easier to pick up than Zig, "hardware-software knowledge to know how to architect low level code in general" does not make a ton of sense to me. In what way do you feel this was easier in C?
I think their point is that you need to learn that stuff and with C you can learn it "accidentally" through C learning materials. Zig doesn't have yet enough learning materials to "accidentally" teach you systems programming.
The solution would be to have learning materials that teach you systems programming in a way that is not tied to a specific language, but I don't know of any example of that, and I guess the same applies to all the people that I had this discussion with in the past.
when i have an idea for a program i want to build, i struggle to express it in terms of structs, pointers, and C/zig’s language features. but with C, i can often find similar programs and find good examples of how to do what i want.
for example right now i’m working on an SDL/opengl app with an immediate mode gui, and there’s enough code in the wild for me to pour over to understand how and why they structure their programs
but when i started with zig i would often get stuck, unable to really understand the c code i was interfacing with and struggling with the language basics a bit
On knowing how to structure low level code, I highly recommend reading Casey Muratori's blog post on Semantic Compression: https://caseymuratori.com/blog_0015
And, more generally, watching some of his (free) handmade hero video series: https://handmadehero.org/
Wow, that was incredibly helpful. I could read writeups of straightforward code all day. I also love how his ethos extends to the design of the website as well. Thanks so much for sharing.
Zig is not stable enough (in terms of language design) to be in the same spot as C wrt books and sample code. Even the linked blogpost has some examples of breaking syntax changes around for-loops, which is pretty basic stuff.
If anything, I'd say it's extremely usable despite being very much a work-in-progress, largely due to their focus on tooling (and not just the language in and of itself) - it's also why I think it'll be an amazing ecosystem to work in once it matures.
Being a better C is not hard to achieve as goal, JOVIAL, NEWP and PL/I did it one decade before C was born, and Modula-2 did it while C was mostly a Bell Labs toy, back in 1978.
The problem is getting the wider market to pick better C languages.
I agree! I think the Zig community is doing a better job marketing than most better-c languages (which saddens me in some respects because I like D too, but sometimes you go with what meets most criteria and seems like it will succeed with adoption!).
I found it shockingly easy to get a miscompilation that it really soured my interest in it. It’s good to hear that in practice that appears to be less of a concern.
Anecdotally again, but I've been coding in Zig since 2020 and have hit I think 2-3 compiler bugs in all that time?
The first was fixed within 24 hours, in fact just before I reported it. The others had clear TODO error messages in the panic, and there were easy enough workarounds.
I haven't noticed miscompilation yet but I have noticed occasional unclear error messages such as it pointing at the wrong line. I've meant to make a note of these but since I'm just focused on learning I haven't done a great job of writing down these minor bugs.
I don't think the breaking changes (which haven't seemed that big) are a huge deal for most folks curious about PL in general. And I think the potential for being a better C is just so great that it's worth continuing to try out Zig and follow it's development. In particular I think it would make a lot of sense as a teaching language for the college courses that would otherwise use C. And I think it would be a pretty fancy compilation target for language implementations like Chicken Scheme that otherwise target C. (I'm sure it would be great in other situations too but these two are ones I can relate to most.)
But I'm still early on in my exploration of Zig. (Disclaimer: the company I work for uses Zig and sponsors ZSF.)