Lots of operations research, planning, optimization, and control theory came out of funding streams that were very much in the auspices of Artificial Intelligence. In most universities, "Artificial Intelligence" is still the name of the course where Computer Science students first encounter everything related to OR, optimization, planning, etc.
It's only since 2013 or so that AI = ML = DL.
> if not for the absence of calculation-by-machine, Isaac Newton and Archimedes would have been doing AI.
From the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Leibniz's Philosophy of the Mind [1]:
"He believed that such a language would perfectly mirror the processes of intelligible human reasoning. It is this plan that has led some to believe that Leibniz came close to anticipating artificial intelligence. At any rate, Leibniz's writings about this project (which, it should be noted, he never got the chance to actualize) reveal significant insights into his understanding of the nature of human reasoning. This understanding, it turns out, is not that different from contemporary conceptions of the mind, as many of his discussions bear considerable relevance to discussions in the cognitive sciences."
