Blog claims Alpine is based around being secure and light weight...but gives no indication on why it is secure. Oh, lightweight because of busy box? Is there scrutiny on packages installed? I don't see the security component.
Maybe Docker can reveal more there, though given how they iterate and things break, I'm not sure they are willing (or capable).
From the Alpine linux site: "Alpine Linux was designed with security in mind. The kernel is patched with grsecurity/PaX out of the box, and all userland binaries are compiled as Position Independent Executables (PIE) with stack smashing protection. These proactive security features prevent exploitation of entire classes of zero-day and other vulnerabilities."
I got excited, but then remembered - grsec will not affect containers. Neither will PaX unfortunately. PIE + stack smashing protection is already available in most serious distros. From the basic info I can find, I don't see a huge difference.
Having less crap in by default reduces the attack surface area.
Having a smaller libc makes it easier to audit. (It still needs to actually be audited of course)
Maybe Docker can reveal more there, though given how they iterate and things break, I'm not sure they are willing (or capable).